The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat, the lower peak of the Ararat massif.Īs of 2004 the mountain is open to climbers only with "military permission". Iran eventually agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a territorial exchange. In the late 1920s, Turkey crossed the Iranian border and occupied the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat as part of its effort to quash the Kurdish Ararat rebellion, during which the Kurdish rebels used the area as a safe haven against the Turkish state. It formally became part of Turkey according to the 1921 Treaty of Moscow and Treaty of Kars. The mountain came under Turkish control during the 1920 Turkish–Armenian War. The current international boundaries were formed throughout the 20th century. Little Ararat became the point where the Turkish, Persian, and Russian imperial frontiers converged. Following the 1826–28 Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the Persian controlled territory was ceded to the Russian Empire. The Turkish-Armenian-Azerbaijani and Turkish-Iranian-Azerbaijani tripoints are some 8 km apart, separated by a narrow strip of Turkish territory containing the E99 road which enters Nakhchivan at 39☃9′19″N 44☄8′12″E / 39.6553°N 44.8034☎ / 39.6553 44.8034.įrom the 16th century until 1828 the range was part of the Ottoman-Persian border Great Ararat's summit and the northern slopes, along with the eastern slopes of Little Ararat were controlled by Persia. Its summit is located some 16 km (10 mi) west of both the Iranian border and the border of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and 32 km (20 mi) south of the Armenian border. Mount Ararat forms a near- quadripoint between Turkey, Armenia, Iran, and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan. It is depicted on the coat of arms of Armenia along with Noah's Ark. It is featured prominently in Armenian literature and art and is an icon for Armenian irredentism. In Europe, the mountain has been called by the name Ararat since the Middle Ages, as it began to be identified with " mountains of Ararat" described in the Bible as the resting place of Noah's Ark, despite contention that Genesis 8:4 does not refer specifically to a Mount Ararat.ĭespite lying outside the borders of modern Armenia, the mountain is the principal national symbol of Armenia and has been considered a sacred mountain by Armenians. The first recorded efforts to reach Ararat's summit were made in the Middle Ages, and Friedrich Parrot, Khachatur Abovian, and four others made the first recorded ascent in 1829. The Ararat massif is about 35 km (22 mi) wide at ground base. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian Highland with an elevation of 5,137 m (16,854 ft) Little Ararat's elevation is 3,896 m (12,782 ft). It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Mount Ararat is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in the extreme east of Turkey.
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